Veterinary Rx

[Veterinary Drug Name]

Generic name: Enrofloxacin Injection

Trade name:

English name: Enrofloxacin Injection

Pinyin: Ennuoshaxing Zhusheye

[Main Ingredients] Enrofloxacin

[Description] This drug is of colorless to light yellow transparent liquid.

[Pharmacological Action] Pharmacodynamics: Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal drug specifically for animals and belongs to the fluoroquinolone class. It is effective against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Brucella, Pasteurella, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Clostridium, Proteus, Serratia marcescens, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Bordetella pertussis, Staphylococcus aureus, mycoplasma, and chlamydia. Besides, its efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus is weaker, and it has minimal effect on anaerobic bacteria. Enrofloxacin can exhibit a significant post-antibiotic effect on sensitive bacteria. Therefore, the antibacterial mechanism of this drug involves inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase, interfering with the replication, transcription, and repair recombination of bacterial DNA, and results in death of bacteria due to their inability to grow and reproduce normally.

Pharmacokinetics: After intramuscular injection, this drug is rapidly and completely absorbed, with a bioavailability of 91.9% in pigs and 82% in dairy cows. It is widely distributed within animal bodies and can penetrate well into tissues and body fluids except for cerebrospinal fluid, with drug concentrations in nearly all tissues being higher than in plasma. In addition, the main metabolic pathway in the liver involves the removal of the ethyl group from the 7-piperazinyl ring to form ciprofloxacin, followed by oxidation and glucuronidation. The primary route of elimination is through the kidneys (via tubular secretion and glomerular filtration), with 15-50% excreted unchanged in the urine. The elimination half-life varies significantly across different species and routes of administration. After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life is 5.9 hours in dairy cows, 1.5-4.5 hours in sheep, and 4.6 hours in pigs.

[Drug Interaction] (1) This drug has a synergistic effect when used in combination with aminoglycosides or broad-spectrum penicillins.

(2) Heavy metal ions such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Al³⁺ can chelate with this drug and affect its absorption.

(3) When used concurrently with theophylline or caffeine, it can reduce the plasma protein binding rate, and lead to abnormally high concentrations of theophylline and caffeine in the blood, and even symptoms of theophylline toxicity may occur.

(4) This drug inhibits hepatic drug enzymes, which can reduce the clearance rate of drugs primarily metabolized in the liver, and lead to increased blood drug concentrations.

[Function and Use] Fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug, for the treatment of bacterial diseases and mycoplasma infections in poultry and livestock.

[Dosage and Administration] Intramuscular injection: 0.025 ml/time per 1kg of body weight for cattle, sheep and pigs; 0.025-0.05 ml/time per 1kg of body weight for dogs, cats and rabbits, administered once or twice a day for 2-3 consecutive days.

[Adverse Reaction] (1) It can cause degeneration of cartilage in young animals, and affect skeletal development and cause lameness and pain.

(2) Gastrointestinal reactions include vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea and so on.

(3) Skin reactions include erythema, itching, urticaria, and photosensitivity reactions.

(4) Allergic reactions, ataxia, and seizures are occasionally seen in dogs and cats.

[Precautions] (1) It has a potential excitatory effect on the central nervous system, inducing epileptic seizures and should be used with caution in dogs with epilepsy.

(2) Carnivorous animals and those with impaired renal function should be used with caution, as crystalluria may occasionally occur.

(3) This drug is not suitable for dogs under 8 weeks of age.

(4) The prevalence of resistant bacterial strains to this drug is on the rise and it should not be used long-term at subtherapeutic doses.

[Withdrawal Period] 14 days for cattle and sheep, 10 days for pigs, and 14 days for rabbits.

[Specification] 100ml: 10g

[Package] 100ml/vial × 50 vials/carton

[Storage] It should be kept out of light and tightly sealed for storage.

[Shelf Life] 2 years

[Production License No.] (2022) SYSCZZ No. 08019

[GMP Certificate No.] (2022) SY GMP ZZ No. 08010

[Approval No.] SYZ No. 080192523

[Executive Standard] Volume I of Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 Edition)